Low Back Disc Degeneration: The Latest Science
Low back disc degeneration is a common condition that occurs as part of the ageing process. It affects the intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers between the bones of the spine. While many people associate disc degeneration with pain, the latest research suggests that it doesn’t always cause symptoms, and conservative treatment is often effective.
What is Disc Degeneration?
The discs in the spine contain a gel-like centre (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus). Over time, discs lose water content, making them less flexible and more prone to small tears. This process is called degenerative disc disease (DDD), but it is actually a natural part of ageing, rather than a disease.
Latest Research Findings
- Disc degeneration is common – Studies using MRI scans have found that many people with disc degeneration have no symptoms at all.
- Exercise is beneficial – Regular movement and strengthening exercises can improve spinal function and reduce pain.
- Pain doesn’t always mean damage – Many people with back pain do not have significant disc changes, and vice versa.
- Surgery is rarely needed – Research supports conservative treatments like physiotherapy over surgical interventions for most cases.
Managing Disc Degeneration
- Stay active – Gentle movement, such as walking and swimming, keeps the spine healthy.
- Strengthen the core – Core stability exercises provide better support for the spine.
- Avoid prolonged sitting – Taking breaks from sitting can reduce pressure on the discs.
- Manual therapy – Physiotherapy techniques can help restore movement and reduce discomfort.
Disc degeneration is a natural process and does not always lead to pain or disability. The latest science suggests that maintaining an active lifestyle and strengthening the surrounding muscles are the best ways to manage symptoms and maintain spinal health.